Effects of formaldehyde inhalation on cardiopulmonary functions on medical students of College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University during dissection classes

Abstract

Okonkwo Chukwudi Onyeka, Metu Stephanie Chiemerie, Maduka Stephen Ozoemena, Oguaka Victor Nwabunwanne

Background/Aim: Formaldehyde (FA) is the simplest aldehyde and is also known as methanol or formalin. It is used for preservation of cadavers in anatomy dissection laboratories which vaporizes at normal room temperature. The present study has been conducted to assess the effects of FA vapor on cardiopulmonary functions of medical students in the anatomy dissection hall. Subjects/Methodology: Sixty medical students of College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Okofia, Nnewi were randomly selected for this study. The cardiac function tests [blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)] were done using electronic sphygmomanometer and the lung function tests (Tidal Volume (VT), Vital Capacity (VC), Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) and Flow Volume Loop (FVL)) were done using electronic spirometry, three times after exposure to FA vapor. Results: The results of the study showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in values of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1, and Forced Vital Time (FVT), also, the result showed statistically significant increase in systolic BP and statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) increase in HR and decrease in diastolic BP and FEV% as acute effects of FA exposure. Conclusion: This study reflects that FA is a noxious chemical and an occupational hazard; causing decreased pulmonary functions in medical students exposed to formalin during anatomy dissection. Further studies are required to elucidate these compensatory mechanisms.